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Doctoral Dissertation Defense
of
Jessica L. Smith-Ricketts

For the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy
Exercise Physiology

Understanding Psychological Impacts of an Interactive, Non-Interactive, and Story-Telling Gamified Fitness App in Older Adults: A Mixed-Methods Approach

March 26, 2025
1:30 P.M.
MACC Annex 272
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Understanding Psychological Impacts of an Interactive, NonInteractive, and Story-Telling Gamified Fitness App in Older Adults: A Mixed-Methods Approach 

Older adults (65+) are at an increased risk for developing noncommunicable diseases. Physical activity (PA) has been demonstrated to ameliorate symptoms associated with these diseases; however, physical inactivity remains a concern. Thus, researchers have examined behavior-change strategies that may improve affective experiences. The purpose of this research was twofold: 1) to examine differences across three categories of gamified fitness applications and to understand the rationale for these values, and 2) to explore topics for the creation of an application. 16 participants (70.3 ± 3.9 years, n = 8 women) completed three weeks of application use, where application order was randomized, followed by an interview. Surveys were emailed to participants at predetermined times to assess enjoyment, affect, perceived exertion, steps, and motivation. Descriptive statistics were run on all demographic data and dependent variables. One-way repeated measures analysis of variances were used to assess differences across application categories. Thematic analysis was conducted for all qualitative data. Results for aim one demonstrated no significant results across the three categories of applications (p > 0.200). Three themes emerged regarding reasons for data: 1) interindividual differences, 2) age-specific concerns, and 3) determinants of affective experiences. Thematic analysis for aim two resulted in themes regarding application development: 1) environment, 2) auditory, and 3) miscellaneous. In conclusion, this study was a novel exploration of the use of gamified fitness applications in older adults. Although no significant differences were seen, gamified fitness applications may be relevant as no application has been created to increase PA in older adults.